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The US Marines are resurrecting a historic name

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marine raiders patch

The Army has the Green Berets, while the Navy is known for the SEALs. Now, an elite branch of the U.S. Marine Corps will officially be known as Raiders.

The Marines will rename several special operations units as Marine Raiders at a ceremony Friday, resurrecting a moniker made famous by World War II units that carried out risky amphibious and guerrilla operations. The exploits of the original Marine Raiders - who pioneered tactics used by present-day special forces - were captured in books and movies including "Gung Ho!" in 1943 and "Marine Raiders" in 1944.

The name will give a unique identity to the Marines' branch of U.S. Special Operations Command, which includes special forces from the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines. The Marines' Special Operations Command, known as MARSOC, was formed more than a decade ago as part of the global fight against terrorism.

"Whereas most people in the American public probably wouldn't have been able to tell you what MARSOC stood for, `Raider' will jump off the page," said Ben Connable, a military and intelligence analyst at the nonprofit research agency RAND Corporation.

Marine raidersAfter Friday, the formal names of eight units comprising some 2,700 Marines will include "Marine Raider." Representatives from the units will gather in formation with their commanders to unveil their new battle colors while renaming citations are read.

In a news release, the Marine Corps said the renaming will give commanders a shorthand way to refer to special operations Marines, similar to the labels "Green Beret" or "SEAL," in what it called "an official identity."

Connable, the military analyst, said special operations Marines carry out raids on insurgents or terrorists, conduct deep reconnaissance and train foreign military - similar to their special operations counterparts in other branches.

Marines in MARSOC must pass a selection process that includes grueling swims and hikes, as well as specialized combat training.

Some Marines have worn the Raider emblems unofficially since 2003 when the branch's first present-day special operations unit was activated for a deployment to Iraq.

Connable said the resurrection of the Raider name was a positive move because it will tie a group set apart from the rest of the branch into the history of some of the most famous Marines. He said MARSOC wasn't initially popular with some Marines because of the branch's famous "esprit de corps" that includes pride in the group and the concept that all members are elite to begin with.

"The whole idea of `special Marines' is unpalatable to Marines in general," said Connable, a retired Marine officer.

Marine raiders war dogsDuring World War II, the Raiders were organized in response to President Franklin Roosevelt's desire to have a commando-style force that could conduct amphibious raids and operate behind enemy lines. Raider commanders studied unconventional warfare tactics, including Chinese guerrillas, and were given their pick of men and equipment, according to Marine historians.

Raider units were credited with beating larger Japanese forces on difficult terrain in the Pacific and they participated in key battles including Guadalcanal and Bougainville. They were disbanded toward the end of the war and the Raider name hasn't been used in an official capacity since, said Capt. Barry Morris, a U.S. Marines spokesman.

"What the name `Raider' does, it harkens back to the legacy that the Marine Corps has latched onto and has drawn a lot from, both in an esoteric and practical sense," Connable said. "It is a remarkable legacy."

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A former Marine Infantryman explains how to make a fire in the wild

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SERE Survival Fire_opt 630x420One of the key outdoor skills you need to master is starting a fire. Obviously if you are evading an enemy, fire may not be feasible, but in a survival situation, it may save your life. You need to have items in your fire kit that are considered sure-fire items—supplies that will give you a flame in any weather condition.

Chances are, if you have to start a fire in a survival situation, the conditions won’t be ideal thanks to Murphy’s law. It will likely be cold, wet, snowy, or windy, which is why you need sure-fire items in your kit.

Being able to get a fire going is beneficial for several reasons (in order of importance):

  1. To dry out clothing and provide warmth to combat hypothermia.
  2. To boil water or melt snow so that you can stay hydrated.
  3. To cook any food or game you have caught, trapped, or killed.
  4. To signal for help or rescue.

My personal rule of thumb when it comes to a fire kit is to have a minimum of three ignition sources and a few methods of sure-fire tinder to start a fire.

The items I have in my fire kit have been field-tested and work for me. Take the time to test the items you choose in a controlled environment so that you know how to use them and become confident that they will work when you need them to.

Practice not only in fair weather, but also in inclement weather. The more you practice, the more confident you’ll be if you’re thrown into a survival situation.

My kit is kept in a canvas zippered pouch made by Frost River:

Fire Bag 630x630An ignition method is something that can produce either a direct flame or a spark hot enough to ignite tinder. Here are my three ignition methods I’ve chosen for my kit. Sometimes I may change up my kit to test other products, but I will always have three methods of ignition.

A sure-fire tinder is a tinder that will ignite by one or more of the above methods in any weather condition. The sure-fire tinder sources I’ve chosen for my kit are as follows:

Mini/Micro Inferno – Tear apart the mini Inferno disk to expose the inner fibers, then ignite it with any one of your ignition sources.

This will give you a guaranteed flame for five to seven minutes while you add other sticks and fuel to your fire.

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Pine fat wood – Fat wood has a high resin content; resin is very flammable. Use the spine of your knife to scrape off fine shavings and then the blade to carve off smaller pieces.

It should easily take a flame or spark, giving you that guaranteed fire when you need it.

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Gorilla duct tape – Chances are you’re going to have this in your kit anyway, so why not take advantage of it to assist in starting a fire?

Pull off several 6″ strips, then tear those strips into smaller strips in order to increase surface area for igniting. Once you’ve processed the tape, roll the strips into a loose ball shape and ignite it with one of your ignition sources.

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Get outside to practice your fire-making skills and build your confidence so you’ll be prepared if that need ever arises in a survival situation.

 is a former Marine Infantryman. Served with 2ndBn/8th Marines and was later attached to the 24th MEU(SOC) during a deployment to the Mediterranean. He has received training in Desert Warfare at 29 Palms, Mountain Warfare/Survival School at the MWTC in Bridgeport California, Korean Mountain Warfare school in Pohang Korea, and Jungle Warfare in Okinawa Japan. Scott has also cross trained with the Korean ROK Marines, French Foreign Legion Parachute Regiment, and the British Royal Marines. Follow Scott on Tumblr.

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The US military took these incredible photos in just a single week

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The military has very talented photographers in its ranks, and they constantly attempt to capture what life as a service member is like during training and at war.

This is the best of what they shot during a single week in mid-June.

Air Force:

Airmen push down on the wing of a U-2 after its landing at Royal Air Force Fairford, England, on June 9, 2015. If the aircraft lands slightly off balance, it has the potential to tilt to one side.

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US Air Force Senior Airman Talon Leinbaugh, 66th Rescue Squadron aerial gunner, conducts aerial surveillance in an HH-60G Pave Hawk over the Pacific Ocean during Angel Thunder 2015, June 11, 2015. Angel Thunder is hosted by the 355th Fighter Wing at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Ariz., but many flying operations will extend throughout Arizona, New Mexico and California.

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NAVY:

Soldiers from the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) cast a line from a combat rubber raiding craft to Sailors in the well deck of the amphibious transport dock ship USS Green Bay (LPD 20) during combined training with the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit (31st MEU).

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The US Navy flight demonstration squadron, the Blue Angels, perform the Diamond 360 maneuver at the Ocean City Air Show. The Blue Angels are scheduled to perform 68 demonstrations at 35 locations across the US in 2015.

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Army:

Paratroopers, assigned to the 173rd Airborne Brigade, rehearse amphibious landings aboard British Navy landing craft as part of Exercise BALTOPS 2015 in Ravlunda, Sweden.

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Soldiers, assigned to 1st Armored Division and Fort Bliss, conduct training during a Decisive Action Rotation at the National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California.

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Marine Corps:

Gunnery Sgt. Eddie Myers, a parachute safety officer assigned to Detachment 4th Force Reconnaissance Company, parachutes from a UH-1Y Venom helicopter during airborne insertion training at the flight line aboard Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay in Hawaii.

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Marines and Sailors also competed in the 2015 Commanding General’s Cup Mud Run at Camp Pendleton, California.

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Coast Guard:

Just a few months ago, the Coast Guard officially stood up its 22nd rating, the dive rating for enlisted members and dive specialty for chief warrant officers.

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Here's a Coast Guard vessel honoring & paying respect to Old Glory.

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SEE ALSO: Russia is deploying advanced aerial weapon systems to the Arctic

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Mitsubishi is building an amphibious assault vehicle that aims to be three times faster than the one used by the US Marines

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AAVTOKYO (Reuters) - In January, a top U.S. Marine general visited Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Japan to look at a prototype of an amphibious assault vehicle that could one day be a key pillar in Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's push to sell weapons abroad.

Using engines adapted from the main battle tank the company makes for Japan's military and new water jet propulsion technology, the full-size prototype is undergoing pool tests, although it is in the early stages of development and production could be years off.

Nevertheless, the maker of the wartime Zero fighter plane is eyeing overseas sales after Abe lifted a decades-old ban on arms exports in April last year as part of his more muscular security agenda, two Japanese defense industry sources said.

Mitsubishi designers believe the prototype shown to U.S. Marine Corps Pacific commander Lieutenant General John Toolan will be more maneuverable and faster across the water than the 40-year-old AAV7 amphibious assault vehicle used to carry U.S. marines onto beaches from naval ships anchored offshore, the sources said.

The AAV7 is built by the U.S. unit of Britain's BAE Systems.

The prototype's engines in particular could be fitted onto other armored vehicles, the sources added.

"It's an opportunity for Mitsubishi Heavy to tap overseas markets for its engine technology," said one of the sources, who declined to be identified because he was not authorized to speak to the media.

Mitsubishi Heavy wants to build an amphibious armored vehicle that can move through water at 20 to 25 knots (37 to 46 km per hour) compared to the more than 7 knots (13 km per hour) reached by the AAV7, said the sources.

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"If the Japanese can get 20 knots in the water without compromising maneuverability on land, we will be very interested," said one Marine Corps official who saw the prototype in January but declined to be identified.

"Whether that's possible remains to be seen."

A Mitsubishi Heavy spokesman said the prototype had been shown to the Japanese Ministry of Defense, but declined to give details about the vehicle. At a Paris arms show last June, a suitcase-sized model of an eight-wheeled armored troop carrier was the centerpiece display at the company's exhibition booth.

The Ministry of Defense was aware of Mitsubishi Heavy's research into amphibious vehicles but was not involved in the project, a ministry spokesman said.

Manny Pacheco, a spokesman for U.S. Marine Corps procurement, declined to comment on the prototype.

But he said the Marine Corps was "always interested in the technological advances of industry" and encouraged manufacturers to use "every opportunity to showcase their wares and get their products submitted through our competitive procurement process".

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Tough technology

Amphibious vehicles are central to marine units around the world, allowing forces to operate on land and sea. But there has been little significant technological advancement in such vehicles in recent decades.

A tracked Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle that was being developed for the U.S. Marine Corps by U.S. weapons maker General Dynamics Corp was canceled in 2011 after big cost increases and technical issues.

The Marine Corps last year kicked off a competition for a new wheeled amphibious combat vehicle (ACV) that could operate on shorelines and shallow water.

Pacheco said the Marine Corps was reviewing proposals from five manufacturers to build a prototype. He did not identify the companies.

A feasibility study by BAE and General Dynamics had recommended against using current technology to build a vehicle in line with Marine Corps requirements, a U.S.-based BAE spokeswoman told Reuters.

"The study concluded that although the technology existed, it would not be fielded at an affordable price," she said.

BAE was talking to Mitsubishi Heavy about being a potential partner on the body design of the new Japanese vehicle, the BAE spokeswoman added.

General Dynamics was in similar talks with Mitsubishi Heavy, said sources in Japan. General Dynamics said it did "not have any information to provide at this time".

assault amphibious vehicle AAV crewmen

Need for speed

Mitsubishi Heavy has been making armored vehicles for Japan's military for around 80 years, beginning with the Imperial forces in the 1930s. It also builds fighter aircraft, naval vessels, submarines and missiles.

The company also makes high-speed marine engines and water jet propulsion systems, according to its website.

"Japan's technology is good enough that we have to look at it," said a U.S. military industrial source familiar with the amphibious vehicle plans.

Although a coastal nation, post-war Japan only formed an amphibious military unit in 2012. The 3,000-strong unit will be equipped with more than 50 AAV7s.

It was disappointment at the speed of those vehicles over water that spurred Japan to build a new one, Japanese defense officials told Reuters.

Japan's military is also concerned about the ability of the caterpillar-tracked vehicles to ride over coral reefs, a common feature in the East China Sea, where Tokyo is embroiled in a territorial dispute with China.

The BAE spokeswoman acknowledged the desire of the U.S. Marine Corps to increase water speed, adding there should be "no operational concern" with coral reefs.

(Editing by Dean Yates)

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Stunning photos of US Marine Corps F-18 Hornets launching night air strikes on ISIS

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marines isis airstrikesTaken on Jun. 10, the following photographs show U.S. Marine Corps F/A-18 Hornet from Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 232, Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force—Crisis Response—Central Command, preparing and launching for astrike mission against Islamic State targets.

Deployed from their homebase at MCAS Miramar, VMFA-232 fly the “Legacy” Hornets in a combination of surveillance flights and kinetic strike missions in support of Iraqi Security Forces in their fight against ISIS.

Noteworthy, the Marines F-18s appear to have been removed of their IFR (In-Flight Refueling) probe cover. In the past, other U.S. warplanes, including the U.S. Navy F-14s involved in Desert Storm, conducted combat operations without the probe hatch in order to prevent it to get jammed with the basket used by some aerial refuelers (like the U.S. Air Force KC-135s) or because it blocked during AAR (Air-to-Air Refueling) ops as a consequence of low temperatures at night.

isis marines air strikesisis marines airstrikesmarines airstrikes isisisis marines airstrikesmarines isis airstrikes  

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US military morale is reportedly at 'rock bottom' again

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memorial service military army Iraq fallujah soldier crying

Since 2009, $287 million has been spent on programs aimed at improving morale within the US military, which has shouldered two major overseas combat deployments over the past decade.

But these efforts may have been largely fruitless, as 52% of soldiers across all branches remain "pessimistic about their future in the military," according to an April USA Today report.

For decades, analysts have consistently reported on supposedly declining US military morale, even before the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Brookings Institution report notes: "Observers regularly fretted over low morale during the defense drawdown of the 1990s, during the start of the Iraq War, during the Iraq Surge, during the Afghanistan Surge; and at practically all the points in between ... After each report of troop morale hitting 'rock bottom,' troop morale seems to slip lower yet and, still, the military soldiers on."

In the past, flagging morale may have been attributable to factors like repeated Iraq or Afghanistan deployments.

But a 2014 Military Times study suggests a financial cause for flagging morale: "In 2009, 87 percent of active-duty troops who participated in Military Times' survey rated their pay and allowances 'good' or 'excellent,'" the newspaper reported. "This year, the figure was just 44 percent."

The US government increased military pay just 1 percent in 2014, the smallest hike in 41 years and down from a 3.9 percent raise in 2009 and a 6.9 percent jump in 2002, according to the Military Times.

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Few of the soldiers polled believed their situation would improve: 70 percent of those Military Times surveyed said that they expected quality of life under military employment to decrease further in the future. 

Pay and benefits aren't the only cause of pessimism in the ranks. Some in the military worry that the the armed forces aren't being adequately led into the future, and declining morale could signal a general lack of confidence in the military's leadership.

 MSNBC reports that in 2011 "only 26 percent of Army leaders who participated agreed with the statement that the Army 'is headed in the right direction to prepare for the challenges of the next 10 years.'"

According to the Military Times, only 27 percent of soldiers thought that leadership had their best interests at heart.

US army train Iraq soldiers Camp Taji January 2015

President Obama is unpopular with the armed forces as well, though some of his administration's policies have gained support over the years.

A separate Military Times poll found Obama's popularity at a dismal 15 percent among soldiers in 2014. Morale is bound to decline if soldiers don't believe in their commander-in-chief.

But there's also information in the poll suggesting that that low number actually underestimates the president's approval among military personnel: in the last 5 years, approval for some of Obama's military policies, like ending Don't Ask Don't Tell and opening combat units to women, have gained support, seeing a 30 percent rise in popularity.

There's another possible reason for drooping morale, especially among soldiers who fought in either Iraq or Afghanistan: It may be hard for some military personnel to see their work as effectual while ISIS becomes a deadly and rising force throughout the Middle East. 

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Whether it's because of stagnant pay, stale leadership, Obama's supposed unpopularity, or the state of global geopolitics, the US military may have a very challenging problem on its hands. 

SEE ALSO: REPORT: ISIS just executed its top official in Mosul for planning a coup

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Military personnel at recruiting centers should be 'authorized to arm themselves'

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The shooting that killed four Marines at two military facilities in Chattanooga, Tennessee has prompted questions about how best to protect these centers from potential attacks.

Rand Corporation terrorism and security expert, Brian Michael Jenkins told the New York Times Friday that facilities like the military recruiting center targeted by a 24-year-old gunman Thursday are deemed "soft targets," and are "no more protected than a shoe store in a shopping mall."

Jenkins says the people working there "are in uniform, but unarmed."

That vulnerability has led Oklahoma governor, Mary Fallin (R) to issue an executive order authorizing full-time military personnel to arm themselves at military facilities in the state, KOKH-TV reports.

"It is unfathomable that [unarmed Marines] should be vulnerable for attack in our own communities," Fallin said in a statement Friday.

FBI spokesman Ed Reinhold said the shooting in Chattanooga is being investigated "as an act of terrorism until we can confirm it is not."

Chattanooga shootingIt's another in a string of similar attacks against military outposts in the US since 2009. In that period, three different attacks on military installations in the US have left 26 people dead.

Not all of the attacks, however, were a result of homegrown extremism — but such motives have been on the rise, according to analysis from New America, a nonpartisan think tank.

In a July report, the organization found 313 individuals have been charged with jihadist extremism within the United States since 2001.

SEE ALSO: US Army chief of staff: Troop commitments 'will be hard to maintain' for much longer

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Some military recruitment centers 'are no safer than a shoe store in a shopping mall'

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military recruiting army navy

The shooting that killed five Marines at two military facilities in Chattanooga, Tennessee has prompted questions about how best to protect these centers from potential attacks.

Rand Corporation terrorism and security expert, Brian Michael Jenkins told the New York Times Friday that facilities like the military recruiting centertargeted by a 24-year-old gunman Thursday are deemed "soft targets," and are "no more protected than a shoe store in a shopping mall."

Jenkins says the people working there "are in uniform, but unarmed."

That vulnerability has led the governors of at least four states to change that. Oklahoma governor, Mary Fallin (R) issued an executive order Friday allowing personnel to arm themselves at military facilities in the state, KOKH-TV reports.

"It is unfathomable that [unarmed Marines] should be vulnerable for attack in our own communities," Fallin said in a statement Friday.

And on Saturday, the governors of Texas, Florida and Indiana authorized similar orders for National Guard members and recruiting offices.

Florida Gov. Rick Scott addresses an economic summit in Orlando, Florida, June 2, 2015.  REUTERS/Steve NesiusSix National Guard storefronts in Florida will be relocated to armories.

Florida governor Rick Scott (R) was cited in a Reuters report, saying "Guard members who do not carry weapons should get them and obtain expedited concealed weapon permits, if necessary."

Speaking about the fatal attacks in Chattanooga, Texas governor Greg Abbott (R) said in a news release, "our military personnel must have the ability to defend themselves against these type of attacks on our own soil."

greg abbottFBI spokesman Ed Reinhold said the shooting in Chattanooga is being investigated "as an act of terrorism until we can confirm it is not."

It's another in a string of similar attacks against military outposts in the US since 2009. In that period, three different shootings at military installations on US soil have left 26 people dead.

Chattanooga shootingNot all of the attacks, however, were the result of homegrown extremism — but such motives have been on the rise, according to analysis from New America, a nonpartisan think tank.

In a July report, the organization found 313 individuals have been charged with jihadist extremism within the United States since 2001.

SEE ALSO: US Army chief of staff: Troop commitments 'will be hard to maintain' for much longer

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NOW WATCH: See 240 years of US Army uniforms in 2 minutes


The 6 coolest phrases only people in the military use

Here's how the US military's uniforms have changed over the past 250 years

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The Army has made substantial changes to its uniforms over the years, with more on tap for this year.

In 1775, soldiers put together makeshift hunting shirts to distinguish themselves from the British at the Siege of Boston. Today, they wear sophisticated digital camouflage patterns that help them blend into the mountains of Afghanistan.

Here’s a look back at how Army uniforms have changed over time. This isn’t an exhaustive list, but for a full, in-depth treatment of the subject, check out this great paper from US Army History.

Not surprisingly, the blue Continental Army uniform adopted during the Revolutionary War was similar in style to the British red coat.

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After a brief period of Army “uniform confusion” during The War of 1812, the US Army began issuing blue coats such as the ones below in 1813. These remained in service until about 1820, though a shortage of blue wool would lead some state militias and the service academies to use gray.

army uniform 1813 usa army

In 1821, the Army dropped the “tombstone” cap and replaced it with the “bell crown” cap for company officers and enlisted soldiers. The hole in the front was for a colored pompon, a feather-like device which would distinguish what branch of service the soldier belonged to, such as artillery or infantry.

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Also in that year, Army regulations introduced the use of epaulets and shoulder wings, which were “generally used to designate the soldier’s rank or some other aspect of status,” according to the Army Quartermaster Museum.

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This is what a typical artillery sergeant looked like in 1836.

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In 1847, non-commissioned officers were authorized to display chevrons on both sleeves, above the elbow.

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Significant changes to the uniform came in 1851, one which would stick with the Army for years to come. Soldiers began wearing the “frock” coat, and colored accents distinguished among branches, with blue indicating infantry and red meaning artillery, for example.

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Changes in 1858 and 1860 would define the look of Union soldiers during the American Civil War. This period saw the adoption of brass branch insignia and different hats, although the various regulations of state militias, substitute items, and homemade garments make it hard to nail down the “typical” uniform of the day.

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According to the Army History Division, the period between the 1870s to 1880s saw a lack of uniformity among soldiers, due to a uniform shortage and changes to regulations that some soldiers despised.

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During the Spanish-American war of 1898, soldiers were issued khaki uniforms for the field.

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Soldiers in World War I wore similarly-styled uniforms, though they were olive drab in color. They also wore spiral puttees around their legs.

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The US also purchased hundreds of thousands of “Brodie helmets” from the British for Army troops fighting in Europe.

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Soldiers in World War II wore olive drab uniforms in the field, along with their newly-designed M1 helmets.

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There were also a variety of specialty items introduced, such as cold weather flying jackets for members of the Army Air Force, or coats made specifically for airborne troops.

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Prior to World War II, soldiers only wore marksmanship badges, ribbons and service medals. But during and after the war, a number of new specialty awards and badges were created for parachutists, aviators, and infantrymen.

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Between the 1940s and 1970s, there were big changes to Army rank structure. Staff sergeants were eliminated in 1948 and made sergeants, only for the rank to be brought back ten years later. In 1954, the Army created the Specialist rank, with different levels that could be obtained, although these were later phased out.

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In 1952, The Army adopted its olive green shade utility uniform, which would see use in the wars in Korea and Vietnam.

korean war uniform lt. green claxton us army troops tent orderlys

During the Korean war, some units directed soldiers to sew white name tapes and/or “US Army” onto their uniforms, though it was never universal. In 1953, the Secretary of the Army made the wearing of “US Army” official on uniforms, as a result of negotiations for the end of hostilities with the North Koreans.

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While most soldiers in Vietnam wore the standard olive drab uniform, some specialized units — like long range reconnaissance patrol members — were given the Army's Engineer Research and Development Lab-made camouflage pattern, also called the ERDL pattern, although some used a tiger stripe pattern that local south Vietnamese forces had been wearing. In the photo below, a soldier wearing the tigerstripe uniform is in the foreground, while the soldier in the background is wearing the ERDL.

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In 1981, the Army adopted its woodland camouflage battle dress uniform. It would become the main field uniform of the Army and the other services until the mid-2000s.

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There were also desert-colored versions that soldiers used during Operation Desert Storm in 1991, and the post-9/11 conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq.

uniforms us troops army woodland camo

Following the Marine Corps’ adoption of a digital-style uniform, the Army introduced its Army Combat Uniform (ACU) in 2004, which was used in Iraq and Afghanistan.

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In 2010, soldiers headed to Afghanistan were issued Operation Enduring Freedom Camouflage Patter (OCP) uniforms, better known as “multicam.”

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In July, the Army started its transition to the Operational Camouflage Pattern, which the Sgt. Maj. of the Army admits will lead to mixed uniform formations over the course of a slow introduction process. “We will still be the most lethal fighting force the world has even known even if our belts don’t match for the next few years,” he told CNN.

us army camo uniform acu combat

 There were many uniforms not mentioned here, due to the huge diversity of items and stylings that the Army has gone through over the years. If you’d like to see a very in-depth look at army uniforms and weaponry, check out this paper from the US Army’s History Division.

SEE ALSO: Senator: The US is committing a 'strategic blunder' by removing troops from the Arctic as Russia digs in

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Marines reportedly sacrificed themselves to protect fellow troops in Chattanooga shooting

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Chattanooga shooting

Some of the Marines fatally shot last week in Chattanooga may have saved a larger group of their fellow troops by getting them to safety before running back into the fight to divert the gunman.

"While I cannot share specific details about what happened that morning, our Marines reacted the way you would expect — rapidly going from room to room. They got their fellow Marines to safety," Maj. Gen. Paul Brier, commander of the 4th Marine Division, said during a news conference on Wednesday.

"Once they got them to safety, some willingly ran back into the fight," he added.

The FBI has said four Marines — Marines Gunnery Sgt. Thomas Sullivan, Staff Sgt. David Wyatt, Sgt. Carson Holmquist, and Lance Cpl. Squire Wells — were shot and killed by 24-year-old Mohammod Youssuf Abdulazeez last Thursday when he opened fire on two military facilities in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Navy Petty Officer 2nd Class Randall Smith was shot and died later from his injuries.

Officials say Abdulazeez, wielding a semiautomatic derivative of an AK-47 assault rifle, attacked a military-recruitment office — shooting through the office's front door from his car, injuring no one — before driving roughly 6 miles to a naval reserve center and crashing through its gates.

Chattanooga shootingTwenty Marines and two Navy corpsmen were in the facility inspecting their equipment after returning from a training program, Brier told reporters.

"This could have been a lot worse," an official who wished to remain anonymous told The New York Times. "It could have been a horrible, horrible massacre — so much worse."

Officers reportedly began to fire at the shooter as soon as he crashed through the reserve center's gates, but he was able to enter the reserve center, where he shot and mortally wounded the sailor identified as Smith before exiting through the back and killing the four Marines in the center's gated motor-pool area.

The shooter was eventually "neutralized" by Chattanooga police officers, an FBI agent told reporters, and all evidence suggests he acted alone.

Officials are treating the shooting as an act of domestic terrorism and are investigating the internet and travel history of the Kuwait-born Abdulazeez, a naturalized US citizen who lived most of his life in Chattanooga.

"When history records what happened in Chattanooga last week, it won't be remembered for the heinous actions of one individual," Brier said. "The legacy of that day is one of valor."

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How it feels to get attacked by a military working dog

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military dog attack fierce mean angry dog

It is one thing to admire a 125 pound Belgian Malinois Military Working Dog from a distance. It is quite another to let it attack you for an Air Force training exercise.

Freelance writer Justin W. Coffey was brave enough to take the road less traveled. After visiting the K-9 kennel on the U.S. Air Force base in Japan where he lives, a Security Forces Commander asked if he was interested in letting one of the animals try and rip him to shreds. Intrigued, he conceded, and wrote about his adventure so readers like us could experience the incident without actually getting throttled by a killer dog.

military dog biting attack fierce angry dog

It was 95 degrees out, so donning the heavily padded safety suit felt like putting on a sauna. After my first encounter with Fritz, I was happy to be wearing it. Sh–, I’d have worn two if it was possible.

The first thing they had me do was hold my arm out while the dog sat there, patiently awaiting its orders. It’s an odd feeling to have an animal as powerful as this one look at you in anger.

And suddenly, before you can even blink, he’s on you, with his teeth sunk into the suit’s arm. They told me to fight, to throw my arm back and forth, to pull up if I could. The idea is to try and prevent the dog from “typewritering,” moving his bite up and down your arm. Being that Fritz is just 25lbs shy of my weight, his bite and subsequent thrashing threw me around like a rag doll.

“Fight back!” The handlers screamed. “Keep him from biting your hand!” It was all in vain; I was typewritered.

They shouted some abrupt orders that I couldn’t understand and Fritz let go, tongue wagging, eagerly awaiting his next command.

“Say something mean to the dog and then run away!” The handlers instructed. “You need to provoke him, it’ll make the pursuit more realistic.”

Alright. “F–k you Fritz!” And I ran, as fast as I could.

 

SEE ALSO: Here's how the US military's uniforms have changed over the past 250 years

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The first F-35 squadron is ready for combat, according to the Marines

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F-35B

Gen. Joseph Dunford, the commandant of the Marine Corps, has declared an initial squadron of 10 Lockheed Martin Corp F-35B fighter jets ready for combat, sources familiar with the decision said Friday.

The decision, to be announced formally later Friday, makes the Marines to first US military service to declare an "initial operational capability" of the F-35 fighter, a key milestone for the $391 billion program after years of cost overruns and schedule delays.

The F-35B model of the aircraft can take off from shorter runways and land like a helicopter.

The F-35 progam is the single most expensive military program in history. The expected lifetime cost of the program is estimated at $1.5 trillion. The cost reflects the wide range of abilities that the F-35 is meant to possess. 

The aircraft comes in three varieties, each of which is specialized for a branch of the military. While the Marines have the F-35B, which can take off like a helicopter, the Air Force and Navy have the F-35A and C models respectively. 

Although the F-35 is meant to ultimately replace the legacy US aircraft and function as a Jack-of-all-trades combat system, the plane has suffered from multiple shortcomings and delays to date. Aside from massive cost overruns, the aircraft suffers from a plethora of problems including software delays and flight control issues. 

Most recently, a test variant of the F-35A was incapable of effectively dogfighting against an F-16 legacy jet that it was meant to replace. 

(Additional Reuters reporting by Andrea Shalal)

SEE ALSO: Watch the F-35 perform a low-altitude flyby at its first-ever civilian air show

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High-ranking Marine Corps general: The US is in a 'stalemate' with ISIS

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Marines Neller

The veteran general nominated to lead the Marine Corps characterized the US campaign against Islamic State terrorists in Iraq and Syria as a “stalemate,” contradicting previous assertions from the Obama administration.

Fox News reported that, while undergoing questioning from Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman John McCain (R., Ariz.), Lt. Gen. Robert Neller said of the U.S.-led air campaign against IS (also known as ISIL or ISIS) in the region, “I believe they are in a stalemate right now.”

Indeed, the CIA and other US intelligence agencies concluded last week that the administration’s bomb campaign to scale back IS launched last year yielded no perceivable degradation of the terrorist organization’s forces. An unnamed defense official, who was not authorized to speak publicly on the matter, said that US intelligence has “seen no meaningful degradation in their numbers.”

However, other Obama administration officials have spread a different narrative. On Monday, White House press secretary Josh Earnest touted the “significant progress in terms of rolling back ISIL gains inside of Iraq.” President Obama spoke in early July of the “progress” the United States has witnessed after hitting IS in Iraq and Syria with thousands of air strikes.

Moreover, John Allen, the retired Marine general tasked with developing the campaign against IS, said the terrorist group “is losing” at the Aspen Security Forum in Colorado later in July.

Yet, other lawmakers and officials have adopted even more negative opinions than Neller. Also at the event in Colorado, FBI director James Comey called IS a “the threat that we’re worrying about in the homeland most of all.” McCain has also repeatedly said, “ISIS is winning.”

US officials estimate that IS remains between 20,000 and 30,000 fighters strong, the same number of bodies the terrorist organization had recruited in September of last year at the start of the administration’s bomb campaign. Pentagon spokesman Capt. Jeff Davis did not confirm or dispute the figures at a press briefing Tuesday.

ISIS militantsDespite describing the US effort against IS as a “stalemate,” Neller insisted that “we’re doing what we need to do right now,” explaining that ultimately Iraqi fighters are the ones who must reclaim the territory lost to the Islamic State.

“General, they can’t do it themselves, we know that, the Iraqis cannot do it themselves,” McCain told him. “That is why they are losing.”

While military officials have trained 11,000 individuals in the Iraqi security forces to combat IS, only 60 Syrian insurgents have received appropriate training and have been vetted by the United States.

Meanwhile, the Islamic State has exhibited signs of transforming into a functional state, issuing identification cards and dispersing fishing guidelines in the areas of Syria and Iraq that it controls.

ISIS map as of July 27 2015Former deputy director of the CIA John E. McLaughlin recently admitted that the idea of IS eventually becoming a legitimate state with working airports and passports is “not inconceivable.”

During remarks in early July, Obama insisted that there are “no current plans” to send more U.S. troops overseas to fight IS.

SEE ALSO: A former Army officer explains this ominous 2008 photo from Iraq

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Here’s how US Marines evacuate an American Embassy

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The U.S. Marine Corps has the unique mission of securing embassies worldwide. Marines are stationed in embassies as security, they’re sent as reinforcements for diplomatic missions that find themselves in trouble, and they get the first call if an embassy gets evacuation orders. They even have a Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force based in Spain that specializes in embassy evacuations and other missions in Africa.

Here’s what the Marines do when an American ambassador decides it’s not safe to stay in an embassy.

1. Marines are generally alerted a few days ahead that an embassy evacuation is likely and stage in forward bases. Once the call comes in, they’re able to quickly move into transports.

operation eastern exit

2. Which base is used depends on diplomatic clearances, available equipment, and local security situations. The Marines will typically stage in the most secure place that will allow them to move to the embassy as quickly as possible.

MV22 Osprey Night Tripoli

3. Once they arrive at the embassy, the Marines establish communications with their headquarters and begin securing the area.

marine communication radio

4. The Marines establish a defensive perimeter for the embassy personnel to move within.

marine secure perimeter us embassy

6. Besides the Marines on the ground, air and naval assets may be used to ensure the security of the evacuation.

marine

7. Marines can track the civilians they are evacuating in a few ways. When available, barcodes can allow the Marines to quickly track confirmed passengers, rather than checking the I.D. cards and passports at each stage.

marin embassy evacuation

8. Once Marines have confirmed the personnel they will be evacuating, they can begin moving those people to the transports.

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marines

9. A Marine will track the passengers entering the transport against a manifest to ensure that no personnel are left behind.

marines

10. The task force will remain on the ground as the transports depart, keeping the area secure until all are ferried out.

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Embassy Evacuation at Del Valle

11. Once the civilians have been removed from the embassy, the Marines will follow them out.

Embassy Evacuation at Del Valle Park

12. The transports will bring everyone to a secure area where the Marines will get final accountability of both the civilians and their own forces.

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SEE ALSO: 11 photos that show why the SR-71 Blackbird was one of the best jets of all time

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One of the F-35's most expensive features was made possible by flying saucers

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F-35B

The US Air Force's push to develop operational flying saucers 60 years ago laid the conceptual groundwork for one of the variants of Lockheed Martin's F-35, MIT Technology Review reports

The F-35 comes in three variants, with key mechanical differences for the Air Force, Marines, and Navy - the F-35A, F-35B, and F-35C respectively.

Of the three models, the F-35B is the most technologically different. 

Unlike the F-35A and F-35C, the Marines needed their variant to be capable of conducting short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) operations.

This request necessitated that the F-35B be given a lifting fan. And, as Desire Francine G. Fedrigo, Ricardo Gobato, Alekssander Gobato note in a paper at the Cornell University Library, the F-35B's lifting fan has its conceptual roots in flying saucers. 

Between 1954 and 1961, the US Air Force spent $10 million attempting to develop a flying saucer that became known as an Avrocar. The Avrocar was a vertical and/or short take-off and landing (V/STOL) saucer that was powered by one giant central fan.

Avrocar flying

Despite its seven years of development, the Air Force failed to make the Avrocar into a mission capable vehicle that could potentially replace helicopters. 

MIT Technology Review notes that the aircraft was "hot and almost unbearably uncomfortable for the pilot. And it demonstrated various idiosyncrasies such as taking five seconds to turn 90 degrees to the left but 11 seconds to turn the same amount to the right, presumably because of its central rotating fan."

However, despite the Avrocars' failings, the technology did point researchers towards the feasibility of developing and embedding a central lift fan turbine within an aircraft for variations of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) technology.  

avrocar

"The concept of a lift fan, driven by a turbojet engine is not dead, and lives today as a key component of Lockheed X-35 Joint Strike Fighter contender," Fedrigo notes, adding that the conceptual framework of the Avrocar helped General Electric's own development of a booster fan propulsion system. 

Whereas the Avrocar's development ultimately failed, though, GE's "Vertifan" went on to prove the concept of successful lifting fan technology. This in turn lead to a DARPA sponsored development challenge that gave birth to lifting fans being used in the F-35B. 

The F-35B was declared ready for combat by the Marine Corps on July 31. 

SEE ALSO: The F-35 can't outmaneuver a plane it is meant to replace

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How to breach a door like a marine

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marines breaching breach door explosion

A new video from III Marine Expeditionary Force shows how Marines are trained to breach doors.

Ever wonder how Marines go through doors that don’t want to open? A new video on YouTube from III Marine Expeditionary Force shows how.

The video demonstrates how entering buildings in a combat environment can be complicated and dangerous. When you cannot walk through the front door, you have to resort to much more aggressive means. “In certain environments we’ll be required to do so using explosives,” says 1st Lt. Andrew Paulmeno of 3rd Marine Logistics Group, 9th Engineer Support Battalion, whose Marines demonstrated the breaching techniques.

Breach teams include a breacher that both primes and detonates the charge, an assistant breacher who places the charge, and a blanket man who holds the protective blanket shielding the Marines from the blast.

breaching

The breacher gives a “hasty breacher’s brief,” in which he describes “the target that they’re attacking, the charge that they’ll be using, appropriate standoffs, and the casualty collection plan in the event that there should be casualties within the team,” Paulmeno explains.

As the Marines prepare the breach, they stack up behind the blanket man. The breacher’s detonator “provides instantaneous shock from when the Marine presses on the detonator to when the charge should explode.”

As soon as the breaching charge is detonated, they unstack and proceed to enter through a the newly formed hole created by the explosion. “Once the Marines come out of the stack, they will aggressively breach that target to fight their way inside.”

Check out the full video below, and you can stay up to date on everything III MEF is doing on Facebook.

 

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5 US military officers who were almost certainly crazy

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These five American generals and admirals did things that played with the thin line between cunning and crazy, but they were awesome at their jobs so most everyone looked the other way.

1. A Navy admiral dressed up in a ninja suit to ensure his classified areas were defended.

John Bulkeley 1988Vice Adm. John D. Bulkeley was an American hero, let’s get that straight right out of the gate. He fought to attend Annapolis and graduated in 1933 but was passed over for a Naval commission due to budget constraints. So he joined the Army Air Corps for a while until the Navy was allowed to commission additional officers. In the sea service, he distinguished himself on multiple occasions including a Medal of Honor performance in the Pacific in World War II. War. Hero.

But he was also kind of crazy. As the commander of Clarksville Base, Tennessee after the war, Bulkeley was worried that his Marines may not have been properly protecting the classified areas. So, he would dress up in a ninja suit, blacken his face, and attempt to sneak past the armed Marines. Luckily, he was never shot by any of the sentries.

2. Lt. Gen. George Custer was obsessed with his huge pack of dogs.

custer dogs indians

Gen. George Custer had “crazy cat lady” numbers of dogs with between 40 and 80 animals at a time. It’s unknown exactly when he began collecting the animals, but while in Texas in 1866 he and his wife had 23 dogs and it grew from there.

Custer’s love of the animals was so deep, his wife almost abandoned their bed before he agreed to stop sleeping with them. On campaign, he brought dozens of the dogs with him and would sleep with them on and near his cot. Before embarking on the campaign that would end at Little Bighorn, Custer tried to send all the dogs back home. This caused his dog handler, Pvt. John Burkman, to suspect that the campaign was more dangerous than most.

Some of the dogs refused to leave and so Burkman continued to watch them at Custer’s side. Burkman had night guard duty just before the battle, and so he and a group of the dogs were not present when Native American forces killed Custer and much of the Seventh Cavalry. It’s unknown what happened to the dogs after the battle.

3. Gen. Curtis LeMay really wanted to bomb the Russians.

curtis lemay

Air Force Gen. Curtis LeMay is a controversial figure. On the one hand, he served as the commander of Strategic Air Command and later as the Air Force Chief of Staff. He shaping American air power as it became one of the most deadly military forces in the history of the world, mostly due it’s strategic nuclear weapons.

On the other hand, he really wanted to use those nukes. He advocated nuclear bombs being used in Vietnam and drew up plans in 1949 to destroy 77 Russian cities in a single day of bombing. He even proposed a nuclear first strike directly against Russia. Any attempt to limit America’s nuclear platform was met with criticism from LeMay. Discussing his civilian superiors, he was known to often say, “I ask you: would things be much worse if Khrushchev were Secretary of Defense?”

4. LeMay’s successor really, really wanted to bomb the Russians.

thomas power

Gen. Curtis LeMay may have been itchy to press the big red button, but his protege and successor was even worse. LeMay described Gen. Thomas Power as “not stable,” and a “sadist.”

When a Rand study advocated limiting nuclear strikes at the outset of a war with the Soviet Union, Power asked him, “Why are you so concerned with saving their lives? The whole idea is to kill the bastards … At the end of the war, if there are two Americans and one Russian, we win.”

5. Gen. “Mad” Anthony Wayne made his soldiers fight without ammunition.

Mad Anthony WayneIn the Revolutionary War, bayonets played a much larger role than they do today. Still, most generals had their soldiers fire their weapons before using the bayonets.

Not Gen. “Mad” Anthony Wayne. He was sent by Gen. George Washington to reconnoiter the defense at Stony Point, New York. There, Wayne decided storming the defenses would be suicide and suggested that the Army conduct a bayonet charge instead.

Shockingly, this worked. On the night of July 15, 1779, the men marched to Stony Point. After they arrived and took a short rest, the soldiers unloaded their weapons. Then, with only bayonets, the men slipped up to the defenses and attacked. Wayne himself fought at the lead of one of the attacking columns, wielding a half-pike against the British. Wayne was shot in the head early in the battle but continued fighting and the Americans were victorious.

SEE ALSO: 17 photos that show why the F-14 Tomcat is one of the greatest fighter jets of all time

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