Former Navy SEAL Clint Emerson, author of 100 Deadly Skills: The SEAL Operative's Guide to Eluding Pursuers, Evading Capture, and Surviving Any Dangerous Situation, explains what to do if you're ever attacked by a shark. Following is a transcript of the video. 

Keep your eyes on it, first and foremost. Know that they attack bottom-up. They tend to come straight up at you. To be realistic, throwing a punch in the water is like slow motion. Anybody that can pull it off and actually cause damage, give me a call. But, the gills and the eyes are probably your highest chance of creating pain. Once again, just like with anything, you want to create pain, you want to induce pain, and hopefully it leaves you alone. That is the number one goal, and create distance if you can, but as a last resort, you go for the gills, you go for the eyes. You literally want to shove your thumbs into the shark's eyes. If you grab the gills, you want to stick your fingers in the vents and you want to try and rip them out. 

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While accusations of Russian hacking have dominated the news ever since the election, we have been involved in a strategic game of cyber warfare with the country for quite a while, according to David Kennedy, a former cyber security expert with the US Marine Corps. Here's a quick explanation of what's really going on and what Russia ultimately wants to gain from all of this.

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(Reuters) - U.S. military leaders told a congressional committee on Wednesday that their ability to prepare to counter adversaries such as Russia and China will be impaired if Congress does not provide certainty about their budgets.

U.S. Army Chief of Staff General Mark Milley showed his frustration following years of uncertainty by telling the House Armed Services Committee he would consider it "professional malpractice" if Congress fails to pass a budget.

Milley was among the four heads of the U.S. military services testifying to the committee on the potential impact of a continuing resolution, a stopgap funding measure Congress could extend if it does not pass the 2017 budget by the end of April.

Current Defense Department funding is set to expire on April 28. If a budget bill is approved, it would allow the military its traditional authority to start new programs and distribute money with relative autonomy.

President Donald Trump has proposed a $30 billion defense budget supplement which would take the base Pentagon budget for fiscal 2017 to $541 billion.

Milley said the Army's basic training would stop by summer if Congress does not pass a budget and enters a full-year continuing resolution.

The Air Force's General David Goldfein said units not actively preparing to go into conflicts could be grounded this summer.

For the Navy, a full-year continuing resolution would delay funding needed to complete delivery of several ships and prevent it from buying numerous new ships, Chief of Naval Operations Admiral John Richardson said, without specifying which ships.

The commandant of the Marine Corps, General Robert Neller,‎ said construction would be delayed on specialized amphibious warships that Marines use during operations.

In December, Huntington Ingalls Industries Inc. won a contract to design and build the USS Fort Lauderdale, an amphibious transport dock ship that would be used by the Marines.

Just before testimony began on Capitol Hill, an Air Force F-16 fighter jet crashed during a training mission just six miles (10 km) southwest of Washington's Joint Base Andrews. The pilot ejected and suffered non-life-threatening injuries, the military said.

The crash was brought up by Goldfein as he expressed relief that the pilot was alright, but later during a discussion about the time and expense it takes to maintain the Air Force's fleet of aircraft, which are on average 27 years old.

(Reporting by Mike Stone; editing by Bill Trott)

SEE ALSO: Trump's national-security apparatus has a personnel problem

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The USS America is the first of its kind — a first America-class amphibious assault ship built for rapid mobility air assault. It is capable of supporting the traditional 'storm the beaches' operations by transporting marines ashore on aircrafts and supporting them by helicopter gunships and fighter jets. With a longer hangar deck, it can carry bigger aircraft like F-35Bs. Each ship costs $3.4 billion and has been commissioned since 2013.

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Despite outrage from lawmakers on Capitol Hill and an ongoing Naval Criminal Investigative Service investigation, the revenge pornographers of “Marines United” are alive and well.

Explicit photos of U.S. servicewomen and female veterans that turned up in the private Facebook group at the center of the armed services’ nude photo scandal are now available for purchase on the “dark web,” the shadowy network of digital enclaves hidden from public discovery by search engines. That’s according to a Daily Beast report this morning by journalist and Marine veteran James LaPorta:

On the private Facebook group Marines United 214, requests for nude photographs are met with demands for payment and links to the dark-web marketplace AlphaBay, where the photo-sets are listed for sale.

AlphaBay is not accessible through normal search methods, because it isn’t indexed by Google or other common web-browsing software. A user must know the actual web address (URL) and to avoid detection use a TOR browser, which is an open-source, encrypted web browser free of tracking software.

According to LaPorta’s investigation, these “descendant” groups — which are dealing not only in nude photos but T-shirts and “challenge coins” commemorating the original “Marines United” group — appear to have no direct connection to the U.S. military. Instead, they appear to be “copycat groups set up by foreign nationals to profit from the original group’s notoriety.”

That’s a particularly troubling detail in light of the recent discovery that troves of photos showing American military personnel engaged in sexual activity were up for sale on an “online criminal marketplace” operated out of Russia, according to a Military Times investigation published last week.

This alleged marketplace, as Military Times wrote, “[raises] serious questions about the extent to which these photos — purportedly numbering in the thousands — could be exploited by foreign governments, or other entities seeking to influence or undermine the United States.”

The latest revelations further complicate ongoing efforts by both lawmakers and military investigators to respond to the culture of sexual abuse and online harassment that rocked the armed services in early March. Since the scandal broke, NCIS investigators have identified at least 27 individuals who engaged in “criminal activity” around the non-consensual production and distribution of illicit photos, 15 of whom are active-duty Marines.

But since NCIS first announced its investigation, members of “Marines United” have actively sought to defy both military and federal officials. As Task & Purpose reported in March, members of the infamous Facebook group have continued to form new forums to share troves of photos, taunting both lawmakers and military leaders in an act of defiance.

By burrowing deeper into the dark web, LaPorta notes, these budding revenge pornographers will only complicate an investigation that’s seen military investigators play whack-a-mole with an endless string of successor forums. From his report:

[Digital crime researcher Stephen] Pearson said TOR browsers encrypt users’ messages and data and make it difficult, if not impossible, for investigators to find the dark site or track the networks. He sees AlphaBay as a direct descendant of Silk Road, another dark-web marketplace which was shut down after investigators received help from the National Security Agency and foreign governments.

The dark web “makes it much more difficult for an investigator,” Pearson said. “That’s why it took almost three years for the task force working on Silk Road. It wasn’t that they solved it by technology. The guy who was running Silk Road… the reason they caught him was he posted a message in a forum a year or so prior, where he used an alias that he also used later, as his alias on Silk Road. They were able to identify him by the mistake he made in the open web.”

If one thing is certain, it’s that the digital violation of servicewomen and female veterans is no longer a problem confined solely to the military — and it’s going to be harder than ever for investigators to finally stamp out abuse and exploitation lurking in the Internet’s darkest corners.

SEE ALSO: The U.S. Marine Corps is looking into a nude photo scandal involving a closed Facebook group

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So confidence, what is interesting about it, is its nature. I think many of us think of confidence as a skill, but it’s actually an emotion.

And when you can appreciate that confidence is an emotion you can understand why it’s high or low, depending on the circumstance, and when you need it most. In “Spark” we write about confidence killing emotions: fear, insecurity, and worry. Those are the primary three.

And it’s really important to identify them, and label them, and have a strategy to work around them, when you feel them. Especially you feel those emotions when you’re going out there and trying something new for the very first time or perhaps taking a risk or starting an experience that you have no past experience before. So being able to recognize there is an antidote for fear, worry, and insecurity. Let’s just talk about fear.

I think I’ve had the great privilege of working with some of the most extraordinary war fighters who’ve walked this planet. I’ve been very fortunate for that in my career. Did they feel fear before they had to demonstrate courage? Absolutely.

But how they processed their fear so they could have confidence in the moment is what allowed them to be successful. So if you feel fear, if you feel worry, or if you feel insecurity, the most important thing you need to do is to be able to acknowledge it for what it is, process it, and know that the antidote to that is action. What can I do about it to get me through the situation.

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CAMP PENDLETON, California — If thousands of Marines are off a hostile shore, it's typically an exercise in futility for the enemy to stick around and wait for the assault.

On Thursday, US Marines with the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit embarked on a training exercise, carrying out an amphibious assault on a town littered with notional insurgents — and as should be expected from a premier maritime force, the grunts dominated.

Business Insider was on hand to watch as Marines left their ship, the USS San Diego, and headed onshore, practicing landing on and taking over an enemy beach.

Here's what we saw.

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It's a beautiful day to check out the beach in Southern California.

But today there's something lurking off the coast: The USS San Diego, an amphibious transport packed with thousands of Marines and sailors from the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit.

The infantry grunts in the main assault are with Battalion Landing Team 1/5. Cpl. Rafael Anderson, a squad leader, has the battalion motto of "Make Peace or Die," on his flak jacket.

A group dedicated to ending sexual harassment in the Marine Corps has called out Facebook for not doing enough to prevent the spread of so-called "revenge porn" on its network.

In an open letter to Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg published Thursday, Marine veteran Erin Kirk-Cuomo said the company "has become the reliable host for group pages used to openly mock, disparage, denigrate, and demean the very women who have answered the call of service to our country."

Facebook recently came under fire when a bombshell report from March revealed that hundreds of Marines were sharing naked pictures of female service members without their permission in a private Facebook group called Marines United. A follow-up report from Business Insider revealed that the behavior had spread to other branches of the military and more private groups on and off Facebook.

The social network recently announced more reporting tools to weed out explicit photos, but Kirk-Cuomo argues that the company's policies remain "largely ineffective" and still don't prevent the spread of "nonconsensual intimate photo sharing" in private, invite-only groups.

"We applaud the updates in facial-recognition software in an effort to end the sharing of revenge pornography announced by Facebook last week," she wrote. "However, Facebook has been negligent in removing pages, groups, and users, that actively promote nonconsensual intimate photo sharing and incite sexual violence and harassment."

“There is no place on Facebook for this abhorrent activity and we appreciate those who have raised concerns about it," Facebook VP of global operations Justin Osofsky told Business Insider in a statement on Friday. "We want to have an open and safe environment on Facebook."

"We do not allow harassment and remove content that appears to purposefully target private individuals with the intention of degrading or shaming them," he said. "We also remove content that threatens or promotes sexual violence or exploitation. We encourage people to report content to us for review when they see something that should not be on Facebook, and also suggest reaching out to law enforcement directly if there is a situation in which the authorities can help.”

In her open letter, Kirk-Cuomo said that offending private groups have had to be reported "multiple times a day for weeks" to Facebook before action is taken, and she is asking the company to speed up its review times.

She also asks Facebook to "create closer relationships" with concerned members of the military "to effectively and quickly eliminate groups, pages, and users, in violation of both your service agreement and our military core values."

A Facebook spokesman told BI on Friday that the company has been in contact with Kirk-Cuomo and members of her advocacy group, "Not In My Marine Corps."

The spokesman said that Facebook has taken down the original Marines United group along with 10 additional spin-off groups, one page, and four user accounts for sharing explicit photos of military members without consent. Using its recently announced photo scanning technology, Facebook has also prevented over 8,000 attempts to share explicit photos that originated from the Marines United group, the spokesman said.

(Editors note: This story has been updated with a statement from Facebook VP of global operations Justin Osofsky and additional information from a company spokesman.)

SEE ALSO: The Marine Corps' nude-photo-sharing scandal is even worse than first realized

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NOW WATCH: A Marine shares tips for sustaining confidence

Pugil sticks are foam padded plastic pipes used to teach bayonet techniques to Marines, as well as other branches. The users don helmets and other protective equipment to try and make killing strikes to disable and disrupt their opponents.

Of course, oftentimes a simple training exercise can be turned into a friendly competition, and that competition can get out of hand, as you will see in the video below.

Marines probably use pugil sticks more than any other branch, and it is a key training feature not only at basic training but throughout the Marine Corps Mixed Martial Arts Program, otherwise known as MCMAP.

Marines train bayonet techniques and tactics at all levels of their martial arts program, and as everyone knows, Marines are good at what they do. However, in certain personal skill competitions, it's easy to be mismatched and get carried away, and that's exactly what happened here.

It was probably a little more than the airman bargained for, but at the end of the day, it was great training for both branches, with each learning some valuable lessons, and everyone having a little boost in morale.

Check out the the video below:

SEE ALSO: Here's what happened when UFC fighters took on Marine Corps martial-arts experts

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Former Navy SEAL Clint Emerson, author of "100 Deadly Skills: The SEAL Operative's Guide to Eluding Pursuers, Evading Capture, and Surviving Any Dangerous Situation", explains how to escape if you've been tied up. Following is a transcript of the video. 

If you take your hand and you go open and close, you can feel the muscles in your forearm contract. When you have a fist, your forearm is small. When you have your hand open, your forearm is big. So, you want to create slack by open hands. And then you’re going to pull those hands, your elbows, and you’re going to shoot them past your rib cage as hard and violently as you can, and it turns your body into a wedge, and the tape will sheer. It’ll look like it’s been cut with scissors. That will work for duct tape and zip ties, but anything beyond that, you have to get more creative.

Wiggle or use tools around you. Friction — you can use the corner of a wall and cut your way out. If you find yourself being bound, a good idea is to get big. Take a big breath if they’re trying to wrap around your chest. Flex your muscles, make everything as big as possible. That way, when it’s time to escape, you get small and all of a sudden all that slack appears and now you can wiggle out or get out of the restraints however you can.

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The Barrett M107 .50-caliber long-range sniper rifle is a firearm made for the modern war on terrorism. Officially adopted by the U.S. Army in 2002 and boasting a 2,000-meter range, a suppressor-ready muzzle brake, and recoil-minimizing design, the semi-automatic offers "greater range and lethality against personnel and materiel targets than other sniper systems in the U.S. inventory," according to an assessment by Military.com.

While Barrett's reputation of "flawless reliability" has made the M107 the sniper weapon of choice, the rifle is just like any other essential tool: It often breaks when you need it most. And that's apparently what happened to one Marine Corps unit pinned down in a firefight, according to one of Barrett's longtime armorers.

Don Cook, a Marine veteran who's been maintaining M107s for more than two decades, told National Geographic in 2011 that he one day received a call to Barrett's workshop from a harried young Marine. During maintenance of the unit's M107, the Marine had bent the ears of the rifle's lower receiver; the next day, after engaging the enemy, they discovered the rifle wouldn't fire consistently.

Despite the unit's lack of tools (and time), Cook knew exactly what to do. The armorer instructed the Marines to use the bottom of the carrier to bend the ears back down. Within 45 seconds, the weapon was firing properly. "Thank you very much," Cook says they told him, then he heard a dial tone. They had a firefight to get back to.

"It's probably one of the biggest highlights of my life, to be able to help a Marine unit during a firefight," Cook told National Geographic.

Watch Cook describe the phone call (starting at 9:26):

SEE ALSO: That time my wife tried to deliver candy in the middle of a field exercise

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An active-duty Marine stationed at Marine Corps Air Station New River was arrested last week for allegedly posting nude photos of a civilian woman online without her consent, North Carolina’s Jacksonville Daily News reported.

It's the first known arrest of a military servicemember by civilian authorities for revenge porn in the aftermath of the “Marines United” scandal that rocked the Marine Corp in March.

Master Sgt. Theophilus Thomas, a 39-year-old Marine assigned to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing stationed Marine Corps Air Station New River, was arrested by the Jacksonville Police Department and charged with disclosure of private images, a felony offense under North Carolina law.

From the Jacksonville Daily News:

Thomas is accused of posting one nude photo of a 24-year-old woman in addition to posting six photos of that same woman wearing nothing but her underwear, according to warrants.

The woman is not in the military, according to JPD Media Liaison Beth Purcell, but she and Thomas were previously in a relationship.

Purcell declined to specify whether the woman knew about or consented to the photos being taken, citing the ongoing investigation.

The police department learned of the incident when it was reported to them on April 14, the same day the photo was allegedly posted, Purcell said.

Despite the Naval Criminal Investigative Service’s ongoing investigation into revenge porn in the Corps, Thomas’ case appears to be entirely a civilian affair. Capt. Ashley Weaver told the Daily News that while Jacksonville police were taking the lead on the investigation, the department “[keeps] an open line of communication with NCIS on all cases involving military personnel.”

Thomas’ arrested came the same day that acting Secretary of the Navy Sean J. Stackley released an interim revision to Navy regulations effectively criminalizing the non-consensual distribution of explicit images by sailors and Marines, according to the Daily News. It is unclear if any other service members have been formally reprimanded under the new regulations yet.

Earlier this month, Naval Criminal Investigative Service director Andrew Traver announced that military investigators had identified at least 27 individuals — including 15 active-duty Marines — believed to have engaged in “criminal activity” as part of the non-consensual distribution of explicit photos on the Marines United Facebook group.

And in March, new social media guidance published by the Marine Corps connected illicit internet activity with Article 92, or failure to obey a lawful general order: “Marines must never engage in commentary or publish content on social networking platforms or through other forms of communication that harm good order and discipline or that bring discredit upon themselves, their unit, or the Marine Corps.”

A spokesman for the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing told Task & Purpose that New River personnel are working closely with both NCIS and local authorities “to ensure a thorough investigation” in Thomas’ alleged crimes.

SEE ALSO: Nude photos from ‘Marines United’ are reportedly up for sale on the dark web

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The Marine Corps showed off experimental gear in a mock beach landing at Camp Pendleton in California. The military of the future could use armed drones and robots to fight the enemy. The new gear would help to keep American service members safe. Marines took part in the exercise by using jet skis, surveillance drones, and much more in what could be a whole new way to engage in combat in the 21st century.

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The US Military is testing out new technology that uses virtual reality to help give machine-gunners an edge. The prototype was built by the Navy's Battlespace Exploitation of Mixed Reality Lab. It was showcased at Camp Pendleton and allows marines to take part in a simulation involving shooting enemy aircraft with a .50 caliber machine gun. 

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In the future, special ops could be taken into combat using electric vehicles that make very little noise. Nikola Zero can go from 0 to 60 mph in 3 seconds and has a range of up to 200 miles. Anyone can reserve one for $37K. It was showcased at Camp Pendleton in California. 

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Admiral William McRaven, author of "Make Your Bed: Little Things That Can Change Your Life... And Maybe The World," explains what he learned after being fired early on in his career. Following is a transcript of the video. 

Very early on in my career I was fired from one of my jobs. 

I was a — team leader at a very elite SEAL team and the commanding officer and I didn't get along well and I probably did some things wrong, and I was fired.

So when something like that happens, certainly in the military, you have two choices. Do you stay and hope that your career gets back on track or do you say, "Well, this obviously isn't going to work out for me." And — I decided to stay and show that I was a better officer than I had performed at that command. 

Pride is the first thing to fall. The reason I was selected for that job is because I viewed myself as one of the best officers in the SEAL community. And I got there, and I didn't perform tot he level that was expected of me. And so — you get knocked down a notch or two, and you have to reevaluate, "What did I need to do better?""How do I show that I am a good officer?" 

So frankly, the way to get out of it is to work twice as hard. And to accept a little humility that you're never as good as your press clippings. You're never as good as you think you are. Work hard. Be humble — and I think that will serve you well in life. 

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Admiral William McRaven, author of "Make Your Bed: Little Things That Can Change Your Life... And Maybe The World," explains what his daily workout consists of including push-ups, pull-ups and other exercises. Following is a transcript of the video. 

I've got a routine. I do 100 crunches and then I'll start, I've got a push-up routine. 

I do 35, rest, 35, rest, 35, rest. And then I'll go to the pull-up bar. I do about 15 pull-ups on the pull-up bar. Again, a series of 3. Then I will do a series of 15 dips, 3 of them. I hit the weights in between and I also have a BOB, the Body Opponent Bag. It's a torso punching bag. 

I also like to lift weights. We didn't actually lift a lot of weights in SEAL training, because there were so many of us in a SEAL team or in a SEAL training class, you just couldn't set up a circuit — but the calisthenics and really today you see the fitness world going from, "Well, you need to do heavy weights or you need to do kettlebells, or you need to .... " Well, I think what you find is calisthenics, the old push-ups, sit-ups, 8-count bodybuilders, chase the rabbit, these were exercises that I still do today, and they serve me pretty well. 

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Angie Morgan is a Marine veteran who is a coauthor, along with Courtney Lynch and Sean Lynch, of the new book "Spark: How to Lead Yourself and Others to Greater Success." In this video, Angie Morgan explains how well the people in our lives observe us every day. Asking for their honest feedback can show us where we need improvement. Following is a transcript of the video.

A lot of people we work with, and around, hold the key to how we can be more successful in either relationships or at work.

And just thinking: wow, people observe me every single day and they may have tips or ideas on how I can be better. So as a leader, you have to inspire candor so you actually get that information and that can be really tough.

One of the things I like to advise professionals on is just have an ongoing conversation, whether it's with their direct reports, or whether with their peers, and just being able to ask simple questions such as, “Can you please share with me two things I'm doing really well in the circumstance and two areas where you think I can improve?”

Now, whenever you ask that question from the first time, out the gate, people might be a little, “I don't know. I don't know where you can improve,” or, “I don't want to give you criticism.” But if you keep asking eventually over time you show a willingness to receive that information and ultimately you help establish trust so people can give you that information.

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What the heck are we doing in Afghanistan right now?

I ask this very important question because President Donald Trump's senior advisers are proposing sending thousands of additional US troops there so they can "start winning" again, according to one official who spoke with The Washington Post.

That would be great if the word "winning" could be defined.

Let's put this into perspective: Since October 2001, the United States has had a military presence in Afghanistan.

Over nearly 16 years of war, more than 2,200 service members have been killed, and more than 20,000 have been wounded. We have spent almost $1 trillion on the war.

We have paid a heavy price for a loosely defined end.

After 9/11, we went into Afghanistan to root out Al Qaeda and the Taliban so we could deny them a safe haven. But in 2004, when I was on the ground as a US Marine, the job I was given was a simpler one: drive around in the hope you get shot at. That's how we found the enemy.

A reality check

For years, we have been offered rosy assessments from the military's top commanders in Afghanistan. Gen. John Abizaid said in 2005 that "interesting progress" had been made. Gen. Dan McNeill said in 2007 that we were making "significant progress." And Gen. David Petraeus highlighted the progress made in 2010.

In 2013, Gen. John Allen said we were "on the road to winning" in Afghanistan.

Reality check: We're not. And we probably never will be. The war in Afghanistan has been a lost cause for a long time.

It's not a "stalemate," as the Pentagon has recently characterized it. The latest assessment from the Institute for the Study of War, released in February 2016, shows the situation has been deteriorating, especially since troop levels were lowered significantly after 2011.

I remember driving around Kabul in early 2005. We were stuck at an Army base near the city getting some Humvees repaired, so my gunnery sergeant decided to take us on a little tour of the city.

We drove through the bustling streets, went to the "boneyard" of old Soviet planes and tanks, and visited the training academy for Afghan National Army soldiers. Soon after the invasion, he said, he had helped set up the academy to train Afghan troops.

The US military can train a civilian off the street and turn them into a highly capable soldier or Marine in about three months. But we still can't claim Afghan security forces are a "strong, sustainable force" after training them for 15 years.

It's hard to see that changing anytime soon.

I don't want to "lose" in Afghanistan. There is a lot we can do to turn the situation around there. But the way forward is not to send in a few thousand more soldiers who would inevitably feed failure.

The war requires a full, independent review of the situation — and, most importantly, realistic goals and a clear strategy for achieving them.

This is our forever war, and I can guarantee those 3,000 troops would slowly but surely increase, just as our troop levels have increased in Iraq and Syria since 2014.

When "the enemy is digging a hole, don't stop them," Defense Secretary Jim Mattis told an interviewer in 2014. "Let them continue to dig themselves into the hole."

We should not, as Mattis knows, keep digging ourselves into a hole we can never get out of.

I don't know how or if this war will end. But I know what comes next: more flag-draped coffins landing at Dover, mothers crying over children they have lost, and tribute posts for years to come in honor of our brothers and sisters who never came back.

That's not a strategy in Afghanistan.

But it is the reality.

SEE ALSO: Insiders say Trump keeps clashing with his national security adviser

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The HyperSub is a combination of a speedboat and submarine, capable of reaching 38 mph and lasting up to 12 hours underwater on a single charge. 

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